The freeheel runningpad® is even more minimalistic than the most
ultra-minimalistic barefoot shoe and received the ISPO award for
performance footwear in 2012. Strictly speaking it is not even a shoe,
as it coveres only the sole of the forefoot. It has turned out that it
is a reinvention of an old Japanese footwear called "ashinaka", which
was used by rice farmers, fishermen and samurais.
Development and testing of a new type of
"barefoot running shoe": The freeheel runningpad